TUITION DEBATE
Ramaphosa calls on teachers to become involved in ‘decolonisation of education’
President Cyril Ramaphosa says one of the important questions the education sector has to grapple with is that of decolonisation, which he says some believe ‘is a life and death matter’.
President Cyril Ramaphosa has called on teachers to join students and learners in the debate on the decolonisation of education.
Ramaphosa was speaking at the opening of the 10th Education International Africa Regional (EIAFR) conference on Tuesday at the Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg.
The conference takes place every four years and hosting rotates among member organisations.
The theme for this year’s event is, “Standing Together for Resilient Education Systems in Times of Crisis”.
Debates are being held on current and future education systems, trade unions and other relevant issues in the region.
Delegates will receive reports, adopt policies and approve future programmes in line with the Education International (EI) constitution.
EI is a global union federation of teachers and education support personnel unions consisting of 383 member organisations in 178 countries and territories representing more than 32 million members globally.
The conference is set to formulate strategies to ensure equitable, inclusive, quality public education for all, despite the numerous challenges confronting the region, including Covid, Ebola, HIV/Aids, conflict and climate change.
EIAFR local affiliates include the South African Democratic Teachers’ Union, the National Professional Teachers’ Organisation of South Africa, the National Teachers’ Union, the Professional Educators Union and the Suid-Afrikaanse Onderwysersunie.
‘Decolonise’
Ramaphosa said many countries on the continent needed to deal with the impact of colonisation, which had plunged them into crisis.
“The impact of colonisation in many of our countries on our continent has a huge negative impact, and the whole process of decolonisation of education has become increasingly important,” Ramaphosa said.
He said the discussions at the conference focusing on tackling important issues such as racism, decolonising education, promoting democracy, human rights and trade union rights could not be more timely.
“The project of decolonising education in Africa is not just a matter of academic interest. In many ways, it is a pressing need that others will say is a life and death matter because education is so important in the lives of people around the world.”
Read more in Daily Maverick: Decolonise the schools: Education is key to transforming South African society, say activists
He said it had become more urgent that education be streamlined and cleansed of the colonial type of ideology that infected the education system.
“We must challenge colonial theories and practices to build resilient education systems that are centred on African perspectives and experiences.”
This, Ramaphosa said, required a shift from a Eurocentric worldview to embrace a more diverse and inclusive perspective.
However, he said, there was also a need to acknowledge and value the knowledge systems of all peoples and integrate them into the curricular and knowledge selection processes.
‘Collaborate’
He said labour movements, civil society organisations and non-government organisations operating in the education sphere must work together and collaborate to protect the space.
“Through such partnerships, we can prepare our learners and students to be informed citizens in democratic societies.”
The role of EI, he said, was vital as the organisation advocates for quality education.
“Your mission is to ensure inclusive, equitable learning opportunities for all and not just for some.”
During the apartheid years, he said, education opportunities were opened to some people only.
Read in the Daily Maverick: Our education system is broken and nobody seems to be doing anything to fix it
“We now want to address that legacy and bury it so that education opportunities and access are open to all South Africans.”
The same, he said, applied on the continent.
“The disparities that exist in various parts of our continent as a result of poverty and inequality must disappear. Education must be for all and not for some.”
What was also needed, he said, were safe and conducive environments where the rights of all learners were respected and upheld.
“By improving access to education, we can alleviate a number of other challenges and crises that beset many of our learners.”
These, he said, included instability, criminal activities and poverty.
He said this was where working together to empower marginalised communities could help unlock their potential to contribute to the development of nations.
Ramaphosa said the themes of the conference resonated with various crises that people of the world had to face in recent times.
The one that stood out was Covid. He said there were a number of other regional crises, many of which were historical.
Ramaphosa said that in SA, the country started by having to unite and work together to face the educational crisis, which was created by the apartheid system.
Read more in Daily Maverick: SA schools still plagued by ‘historical infrastructure backlogs’, overcrowding – Equal Education report
He said the crisis persisted largely because of the country’s past. Government, Ramaphosa said, was spending a lot of money on education.
Global crises
Ramaphosa said the world was currently faced with several crises, with wars raging in Ukraine and in the Middle East. This, he said, was destroying the lives of innocent civilians.
Read more in Daily Maverick: Ramaphosa asks International Criminal Court to probe war crimes charges against Israel
“So these are crises that the education system has to respond to and crises that the education system needs to be resilient in terms of addressing. I’m glad that the deliberations today are going to be rooted in how we can make education resilient and able to withstand all these crises.”
Other crises, he said, included climate change and other incidents that disrupted people’s lives.
“So you couldn’t have chosen a better theme for your conference. We hope that the deliberations will come with a number of strategies and actions that will enable the nations of the world, particularly our own continent, to be able to navigate our way through all these crises.”
The conference ends on Thursday. DM
Please help!
Where can I find a clear explanation of what decolonised education system looks like?
Chances are it will not add much value to the students who would like to participate in the global business or professional world.
Chris it is worth exploring to get a proper understanding. Global education systems are western centric. Decolonisation (or moving from a predominantly western lived experience in academia to a global lived experience) doesn’t mean Science or Economic theory is different but is viewed and taught more holistically incorporating global thought rather than focusing on western theory only. A good example is psychology where theories are based predominantly on Western thought and experiences but may ignore other relevant lived experiences in African or Eastern countries.
I know you cannot put a full curriculum in the comments section but would you mind giving just one practical example of a change that could be made to decolonise education? It is a broad term which is confusing. History curriculum has been changed to include our history but I don’t know how subjects like maths and physics can be decolonised. I just wish people would be more detailed.
The written curriculum is only a part of the whole idea of decolonised education. I, for example, am an IT teacher. It would seem that there is little to be done as much of the development of IT theory and practice was developed in the west but that doesn’t mean that it was developed only by white men. It is important to show learners that there are people in the history of the subject that they can resonate with such as Granville Woods and Katherine Johnson to name just two. And then also to recognise their challenges as minority pioneers of the field. These are ways in which the content itself can be altered, but decolonised education is also about the nature of the classroom interaction and the delivery.
In a decolonised classroom the teacher rejects the idea that the teacher is the centre and source of all knowledge (a traditional view of education – sometimes called “the sage on the stage”) and instead aims to cultivate meaningful interactions where learners become the source of knowledge. It is empowering learners to know that their experiences and observations are just as important as the teacher’s are. It also is a classroom that is comfortable with critically considering itself and the school, with the understanding that often the school originated in colonial times and still may have colonial values.
In summary, I would say it is not only about content, but about the way the content is delivered and the interactions considered.
“It is empowering learners to know that their experiences and observations are just as important as the teacher’s are.”
The intention is good, and it is a good thing to interact respectfully with pupils, but how can learners’ experiences and observations be equal to those of their teachers in chemistry, physics, mathematics, music, languages, etc.?
These are skill- and knowledge-based disciplines, so it seems to me learners first have to master the basics before they can claim knowledge or experience which is equal to that of their teachers – surely?
@John Strydom my apologies as I cannot respond to your post directly.
The intention is not that these experiences will be equal in all ways, only that they are afforded equal significance and viewed as equally important in the learning process. To explain this, consider a simple routine experiment. A person is given two magnets and is given the opportunity to play with them for a while. They note that in certain orientations they attract and in others they repel, and that given either of these states the other can be reliably achieved.
An ignorant teacher will prescribe a set of reasons to this without engaging with the learner’s own perceptions and investing themselves in answering the questions that the learner comes up with due to their own curiosity. A conscientious teacher will consider primarily the experiences of the learner, as mediated by the learner, rather than their own knowledge as the prima materia for valuable knowledge.
This now deviates slightly from decolonised education and I apologise for that, but it is not entirely separate as the core value being shown is that learner experience matters, and the teacher is not simply projecting their knowledge for the learner to be a passive consumer of that. Colonisation is an act of the degradation of the mind of the coloniser and decolonised education aims to elevate the mind of learners so that they need not suffer that and abdicate their intelligence to those who believe they know better.
With SADTU as the new coloniser of basic education, yet another roaring ANC success beckons. 🙃
If he’s so anti-colonialism, why did he send his son to Michaelhouse?
its the same with hospitals. No self respecting politician or their families use public healtcare or state hospitals. They use private.
Exactly Jon. Under apartheid the Afrikaner politicians were proud of their schools and sent their children to Afrikaans public schools. I wonder whether these enlightened comrades would do the same
Presume that means knocking down schools and universities built after colonisation and sprucing up those places of higher learning that were so prevalent in South Africa before van Riebeeck?
Your comment made me really LOL. Back to the shady trees.
If the state of education in the Eastern Cape is testimony to decolonisation, what is the man trying yo say?
In my (relatively naive) opinion the level of education of immigrant Zimbabweans is far superior to
what our local children get. So why decolonise?
I may be wrong, but pre-Zim, the education system was based upon the British Cambridge curriculum. And when Mugabe took over, I think he stayed with the same system. Whether he “decolonised” it, I don’t know. But I wish someone could explain how one decolonises an education system. I’ve read Keith’s explanations. But still don’t really understand what the difference is. Maybe similar to the Montesorri system, Keith?
“
Access to education requires functionality in schools – that is where Ramaphosa should start. As usual implementation of policies is the stumbling block of our government.
Absolutely correct!
Functionality of schools is an absolute prerequisite and the ANC will not recognise this, but rather keep wittering on about decolonialisation, with some apparently saying that this is the “life and death matter..” Non-functioning schools are the real and current issue.
Once the schools function properly and consistently, then start thinking about introducing the cogent bodies of bodies of knowledge and lived experiences that have been developed outside of the Western world.
Exactly. And 30 years later, they still talk about removing pit toilets. Then in some places, award a contract to a cadre who pockets the money and digs a few holes.
And I understand a few companies in the private sector have taken the initiative and are starting to actually build toilets with dept of education nowhere in sight.
So he can keep huffing and puffing about decolonisation of education and then go back to his farm until next year when he comes back to huff and puff again. Useless.
Wrong! Before the colonists arrived the toilets were all pits! We must rip out the white, ceramic toilets and dig pits!
What is this clown talking about? Of course ……. it is apartheid’s fault despite the ANC being in power for close on 30 years. They broke the education system – so take they need to take responsibility for once in their lives!
agree
Rhamaposa and company forget that before “colonizers” came to Africa, there was no such thing as schools and education….Mandela always said that for the good of progress and the country we must learn to live and work together, not go backwards…
Jennifer, you missed many history lessons dealing with Africa. What an arrogant statement that there was no education prior to colonisation.
History lessons before colonisation? When there was no written material available, and there was no concept of calendar dates?
Not a word mentioned re digital transformation, upskilling teachers and educating our children for the digital economy jobs of the future?
Exactly, they go for populist low hanging fruit producing phrases. The reality is that our education (grade by grade comparison) is approximately 2 grades behind “First World”. I have to supplement my kids’ education with an overseas curriculum to stay competitive globally.
I understand this to be Cyril electioneering youth. The fact that our ed system is still dysfunctional, not fit for purpose and discriminatory towards the poor after 30 years of misrule is outrageous. It is an outrage that we spend so much on eduction for such mediocre results. Of course teachers need to be involved, 🙄 duh!
Mr. Ramaphosa, let your government set an example and build schools with soccer fields, rugby fields etc. And the politicians should stop sending their children to private expensive colonial schools, then maybe just maybe you will be taken seriously. While you at it , fix the country that’s floundering, load shedding, shortage of water , the sewerage systems, otherwise decolinizing education is not going to mean didly squat. Thank you.
would this mean studying state capture, lie about your qualifications and blame everyone else for your failures?
love this comment , too true and factual
The decolonization discussion has it’s merits but maybe you should prioritise the fact that 80% of 10 year-olds can’t read for meaning? Or that the real matric pass rate is somewhere around 30%. Or that you education department accepts 30% as a pass to avoid the previous number being even lower. You send generation after generation of learners into the real world, completely unequipped to make a decent living. Not to mention the problem of teachers impregnating learners, teacher absenteeism, inadequate facilities, pit toilets etc etc. I’d say the western-slant of the current system isn’t near the top of problems facing education.
So, a party in government for 30 years is only now looking at ‘de-colonising education’. It is not difficult. It means writing text-books in indigenous languages, or at the very least providing glossaries in indigenous languages. And using case studies and examples that are rooted in Africa and relevant to Africans. But the ANC has been sitting on its hands for decades. And constantly dropping the pass rate instead of raising standards. The ANC cannot fix this, it does not know how. And we have had 30 years of kids with substandard education that has rendered them unemployable.
Ah! Now that makes sense. Language is a terrible barrier to understanding. Thanks a lot, Niki.
When all else fails play the race card.
Does the decolonisation include the pit latrines?
Alternatively, If all else fails, lower your standards.
i presume you mean going back to pit latrines as part of decolonisation?
Our President pulling the old Kansas City Shuffle.
“In order for a confidence game to be a “Kansas City Shuffle”, the mark must be aware, or at least suspect that he is involved in a con, but also be wrong about how the con artist is planning to deceive him. The con artist will attempt to misdirect the mark in a way that leaves him with the impression that he has figured out the game and has the knowledge necessary to outsmart the con artist, but by attempting to retaliate, the mark unwittingly performs an action that helps the con artist to further the scheme.”
A plethora of buzz-words and phrases but no substance all trucked out for pre-election.
My understanding is that colonizers always pushed for schooling in the colonizers’ language. South Africa was colonized for the longest period by England and therefore they pushed for schooling in English. Maybe this was political code for education in all 12 of our official languages – or is sign language not an official language yet?
And they are doing away with Afrikaans. Lesufi is colonising all schools in Gauteng by enforcing English. What a laugh
Most school subjects, like reading writing and arithmetic can really not be colonised or decolonised. These are essential to any education, sir. So is hard work. What would pit latrines at schools fit in – colonised or decolonised? It is a very blurry concept, as is eurocentricity. Eurocentricity is really difficult, as is democracy. A lot of ANC members seem to be really confused. What would champagne, Johnny Walker, Gucci, Mercedes etc be?
And colonisation for that matter – is there a difference between being colonised by England, which we were, and being colonised by Russia or China, which we are?
Stop jabbering and performing for votes from the uneducated people, Cyril. You are not doing them a favour by keeping them uneducated. And you are really only making a fool of yourself.
There must also not be any buildings and definitely not computers or books
Back to more rapes of female scholars by teachers and unwanted teenage pregnancies, pit toilets (and drownings in them) at schools, and classrooms under the trees, then?
Window dressing;
Mr. R You have far more pressing concerns. The premise of any democracy is honesty, integrity and the respect of law including the respect of property. Misappropriation of tax under tender fraud…. etc.
Fixing ESKOM and doing it, not empty promises. (As are the others e.g. Transnet,)post offce, UIF, etc. ) The majority of parliament is a bunch of undisciplined rabble rousers hell bent on self-enrichment at the expense of South Africa.
Many people are finishing the year with less hope than at the beginning. Let’s pray that 2024 (an election year) may restore our faith in duly elected leaders and not windbag politicians and stolen or rigged elections.
Rather focus on getting reading, writing and arithmetic right. Our school history text books have already been rewritten. The precribed literature includes local authors. Life Orientation is extremely localised. I don’t know what else in the school curriculum can be decolonised still? Some commentator here referred to Psychology. Point taken, but as far as I know that is not a school subject. CR was talking about grade R to 12, not university.
Secondly, maybe get teachers to understand their own textbooks/subject.
You can fool all the people some of the time. You can fool some of the people all the time. You cannot fool all of the people all of the time.
– Abraham Lincoln
Good to see the decline of colonial concepts like literacy and numeracy underway as South Africa decolonises. Democracy, human rights and trade unions are also ‘colonial’ concepts and institutions, as are schools and education themselves. All in decline in SA and round the world. Marvellous to see. Let’s get behind Cyril and speed things up!
I was reading an article about “learned helplessness”. Its this idea in psychology that you don’t have the power to change your own situation. A bit like a victim in an abusive relationship. I think many countries in Africa (with some exceptions like Kenya, Botswana) have a collective learned helplessness. Their lack of success is always someone else’s fault. The difference is that the abusive partner has either had their power usurped or they have left many years ago. I’m so so dissapointed in this man. I thought he was the real deal. I was hoping he might start his own party and be less encumbered by anc internal politics. But I can see that he really really does not care about the future of his citizens.
Let the data show https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.ENRR?locations=ZA
Hey wow, since when can we post active links? Me and my fat fingers just spent twenty minutes spelling out a URL!
Nope, no URLs allowed. How did you do this Stef? Are you a special case? (grins)
Ramaphosa is as much of a President Zero as JZ ever was. At least JZ had an excuse as he’d never been to school.
?
The role that SADTU played and continues to play in the devastation of SA’s basic education must not be ignored or underestimated. With its jobs-for-pals machinations, shielding incompetence, incapacity, and depravity from consequences, and other acts of self-serving debaucheries, this poisonous organisation was and remains instrumental in turning basic education in SA into a sad joke. This “decolonisation” spew is just another feeble pre-election attempt to explain away the present government’s severe basic education failures by shifting the blame onto someone else. If you can’t even get the basic education system right after two-and-a-half generations of schoolkids have been through that system, you shouldn’t be in government.
Maybe DM should do some trenchant analysis on that aspect, instead of giving oxygen to the fatuous flatulence of a shifty, silver-tongued conman.
Start with the teacher core.At present the notion is working Tuesday to Thursday.Driving through the Eastern Cape, mondays an fridays you see learners walking the streets as schools are not functioning.Still teacher unions demand more pay for less work.If your educators set this example,whats the point of changing the educational systems??
These children sitting outside at schools in the Eastern Cape at any time you get to a school have one colonisation item they will not give up, and it make them very neat and pretty, the uniform. It is always such a pleasant surprise to see the children so neat and proud in their school uniforms
How to decolonize education = Simple Mr. President jail ALL the thieves & looters & do not forget the enablers. Slash the VIP gangsters & redirect funds to education. Do not worry I do not expect payment but as a service to the country
Socialist dreamer. Fix the basic 30% pass rate 1st then move to ethnic tribal education whatever that consists of.
“decolonising” is a cryptic term for “keep them dumb”. Why doesn’t he want kids to be able to compete in STEM subjects? Success and competence is a “western” thing?
Explain the term STEM to our gray heads. Perhaps some of us and of course the ANC/EFF will see another light if that is possible
STEM = science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, i.e., the subjects that are necessary (but not sufficient) to be competitive in the modern age.
The ANC/EFF won’t be seeing another light any time soon. They are more than satisfied to keep the great unwashed, well, unwashed to foster a patriarchal culture of dependency so that they can appear as saviours instead of the insidious oppressors that they really are. They may not have started out with subverting basic education in mind, but it is for them a happy consequence of their own ineptitude, arrogance, and venality.
What this country needs is qualified teachers, not people who have passed matric then believe they can teach, also reducing the pass rates for certain sections of matric exams also doesn’t help, in fact the education department personnel need to have their qualifications checked to see if they are qualified to make any changes to the current system.
What has the sexual abuse of pupils and the lack of quality education got to do with decolonising education?
The great danger of a “colonial” education system is that it might encourage people to think for themselves instead of learning how to chant the correct slogans. By dumbing down the educational system, or destroying it altogether, the government is doing a great job in restoring the country to a pre-colonial paradise.
Yes. Lets lower the matric pass level to 15%
Our education system has been steadily de-colonised by the ANC over the past 30 years and it’s difficult to understand what the ANC means.
Pass marks of around 30% stands in stark reality against the pre- democracy days of around 50%. In colonised teaching (whatever that means) teachers were well trained, did not engage in sexual activity with pupils, and were always at their work stations. Teacher strikes and burning down of classrooms and school libraries were unheard of. Pupils never stabbed and killed each other under ‘colonial’ education. If this sort of behavior is is what qualifies as de-colonisation of education, then maybe it should be reviewed more thoroughly before implementation.
The only diffence is that sexual activity then was hidden, and abuse of children as well. It was hidden at all levels of schools and even in the catholic church educational systems
What a load of rubbish. They’ve had 30 years to bring education up to standard but keep blaming Apartheid. Education is THE most important aspect of becoming an equal nation. This could have been achieved years ago even taking into account our different ethnic cultures & backgrounds
“Apart from the sanitation, the medicine, education, wine, public order, irrigation, roads, the fresh water system, and public health … what have the Romans ever done for us?” Life of Brian (1979)
Whenever I read this garbage I also go straight to Monty Python for a dose of common sense.
Oh come on Squirrel.
After 30 years of ANC inaction, your schools are a disgrace.
Fix your own backyard before you gush on about decolonisation.
The kids simply want a classroom of adequate standard, reasonable students per class, teachers who are committed to helping their students and the end to pit latrines.
Go and visit a few schools, rather than pontificating at a conference!
Try this for a change – Your actions are so loud, I cannot hear what you are saying!
Just remember: before the colonists came there was
No written word
No books
No maths
No physics
No chemistry
No electricity
No piped water
etc etc etc
And Cyril wants to decolanize education – need I say more?
Dear sir, you are so out of touch with reality…
So we can expect a lot more content around Palestine and Russia coming to a curriculum near you soon?
How can education be ‘decolonised’ when prior to colonisation, there was no formal education of any kind – apart from fireside chats. There were no schools, colleges, universities or libraries amongst the tribal groups. In fact, those tribal groups were illiterate until the late 19th century when a European linguist, W.I. Bleek, transcribed their oral languages into written forms. The first ‘black academic’ was John Dube, founder of the South African National Native Congress (later to become the ANC), and founded Ilanga, the Zulu newspaper (the first of its kind), that was launched in 1903. In 1888 he went to the USA to study, with a grant from missionaries based in South Africa.
“Decolonization, which sets out to change the order of the world, is, obviously, a program of complete disorder” – Franz Fanon, ‘The Wretched of the Earth’
How about you start with getting rid of pit toilets first… you
This is just a politicizing of education. Woke.
“During the apartheid years, he said, education opportunities were opened to some people only.” – now, after ANC repairs to the education system, it doesn’t work at all.
How about fixing infrastructure and crowded classrooms? And sending your kids to public schools? Obfuscation as usual – never confronting the underlying causes of our poor educational outcomes.
Decolonize … how?
1. decolonize from Bantu domination back to the original KhoiSan culture?
2. and pay reparations for war crimes and genocide perpetrated by the Zulu against the other ethnic groups?
3. repatriate the ethnic Bantu people back to Congo where they came from to wipe out the local KhoiSan and seize their land?
‘Don’t ‘say’ everything you know … but always ‘know’ everything you say!’
69 comments and not even one positive! It must be a record 😏
That might have much to do with the fact that people rarely take kindly to having their kids’ futures threatened by the asinine pronouncements of mendacious hypocrites and ignoramuses.
And this, after being in power for almost 30 years.
Ramaphosa, should we then do away with universities.
There would not be one in sub-Saharan Africa if not for
colonisation.
This is all electioneering talk. Compete with the EFF voters about the decolonisation issue, get the vote of the Unions for Cosato votes. Get all factions worked up with the 30 years apartheid blaming. He really knows nothing and has nothing positive to contrubute to make South Africans competitive in the global world where they need to compete and function
“We now want to address that legacy and bury it so that education opportunities and access are open to all South Africans.”
30 years have passed, and you want to address it now?
Colonialism is an excuse, a “get out of jail free card” used with a single purpose:
To distract people from the theft and mismanagement that continue to cripple the education system and have destroyed the future of millions during ANC rule.
Colonisation! They have found something new to blame instead of apartheid.
Our students can not even read and write. Now we must change the system. Does this mean “The world according to the ANC” half of whom are illiterate.
Keep in mind that no bigwig ANC sent their children to a township so they could learn decolonized education. Only the best was good enough. How many of our spineless president’s commie buddies make use of the state health system? Not one is my contention. Private health care is just so much better for our comrades who want to decolonize everting. What about Merc’s and BMW’s are we intending to do the same the them? Of course not, only the issues that the ANC will decide on.
Dumber and dumber
every day the ANC makes a statement that just proves the prejudice.
We are sadly dealing with a bunch of mind-numbingly stupid human beings, who have been handed the keys to a kingdom that they could never themselves have built, don’t even know how to maintain, and sure as hell cannot repair or improve.
The worst part is that they genuinely believe they are super-smart and that everything failing is someone else’s fault.
At this point, all we can do is watch and hold on tight. Send your kids overseas to learn if you can afford to.
At least there is ONE THING that the ANC has given South Africa… and oversupply of unbelievably stupid and cheap labor.
I would have thought that the catastrophic failures in teaching literacy and numeracy in the 30 years of ANC governance should be of primary concern. It seems not. The disastrous learning outcomes can be ascribed to colonialism. For how many more decades can they hide behind this excuse?
There’s an interesting piece by Mark Tomlinson under Opinionistas that may be beneficial.
It’s much easier to destroy democracy and create a one party state if the people remain uneducated. And rallying the unions, often the causes for SA’s education dysfunction, is a classic ANC tactic. Don’t worry, ANC supporters, one day your party will stop blaming the past. It will simply have you shot if you try change the future. The ANC’s destruction and obfuscation of education is intentional. That much is clear.
Where are the comments?
All talk, no action.