Calling it a "decisive moment in Israel's history", Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the country was also targeting Iranian scientists working on a nuclear bomb and missile factories in an operation that would continue for days.
Israel declared a state of emergency in anticipation of retaliatory missile and drone strikes by Tehran.
Here are some reactions from top officials and governments around the world:
U.S. SECRETARY OF STATE MARCO RUBIO
"Tonight, Israel took unilateral action against Iran. We are not involved in strikes against Iran and our top priority is protecting American forces in the region."
"Let me be clear: Iran should not target U.S. interests or personnel."
AUSTRALIAN FOREIGN MINISTER PENNY WONG
"Australia is alarmed by the escalation between Israel and Iran. This risks further destabilising a region that is already volatile. We call on all parties to refrain from actions and rhetoric that will further exacerbate tensions.
"We all understand the threat of Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile program represents a threat to international peace and security, and we urge the parties to prioritize dialogue and diplomacy."
NEW ZEALAND PRIME MINISTER CHRISTOPHER LUXON
"It's a really unwelcome development in the Middle East. The risk of miscalculation is high. That region does not need any more military action, and risk associated with that."
(Compiled by Sonali Paul; Editing by Christian Schmollinger)
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu attends his trial on corruption charges at the district court in Tel Aviv, Israel, 16 December 2024. Netanyahu is set to testify in his trial in corruption cases. EPA-EFE/STOYAN NENOV / POOL 