Wally Menne, 66, who collapsed at his home in Hillcrest and died in hospital on Thursday 26 October, was at the centre of the campaign to halt dune mining at Lake St Lucia in the 1980s, ultimately derailing the ambitions of Richards Bay Minerals to extract titanium from the heart of one of Africa’s oldest game reserves.

He was also a founding member of the Timberwatch alliance and the Durban Climate Action Group, and was respected nationwide for his knowledge of indigenous plants.

In email and Facebook messages from North America, Latin America, Asia and Europe, fellow campaigners variously described Menne as a “lion among men”, a “dauntless eco warrior” and a kind and patient teacher who inspired young and old through his love of indigenous plants and wild spaces.

Working with fellow activists from across the world, he led campaigns against paper giants Sappi and Mondi and other global timber corporations.

During the UN World Forestry Congress in Durban two years ago, he took issue with the title of the congress itself, declaring that it was a misnomer to describe single-species pine or gum tree plantations as forests.

“These are not forests. These are fake forests!” he shouted, likening “forestry” to terms such as “separate development” or “mother tongue education” that had been used to put a pretty face on apartheid.

Speaking from Minnesota, USA, Indigenous Environmental Network founder Tom Goldtooth lamented the loss of “a great man with a wealth of knowledge”. Andrew St Ledger of The Woodland League in Ireland said Menne was “a kind and gentle person and ferocious defender of our environment”.

Dr David Fig, political economist, anti-nuclear activist and chairman of Biowatch South Africa, remembered Menne as a man of great integrity and passion, galvanised by “an outrage against injustice and the alarming expansion of industrial plantations”.

Durban environmental justice campaigners Bobby Peek and Desmond D’Sa – both winners of the international Goldman Environmental Prize – also paid tribute to Menne.

“Wally was moulded in the form of an old-school union organiser. He was uncompromising and held his positions clearly,” sad Peek, “There was no middle ground that corporates and reformist NGOs could force him into.”

Di Dold, a senior member of the Wildlife and Environment Society, described him as “one of a kind”.

“When he argued his case, he was formidable and he never gave up.“

Fellow wildlife society stalwarts Charles and Julia Botha said: “If ever there was a person who truly cared for our planet, then it must have been Wally. Because he was never hesitant to speak his mind about conservation issues, he was certainly not the darling of the many ‘eco vandals’ he always fearlessly confronted.”

Anne Petermann of the Global Justice Ecology Project in New York called him “a lion among men, a powerhouse, a giant – his force was impossible to ignore.”

Simone Lovera, executive director of the Global Forest Coalition in Panama, said it was hard for her to imagine a world without such a ferocious fighter.

“I hope his words and wisdom will continue to inspire us forever.”

Almuth Ernsting, Scottish-based co-director of Biofuelwatch, met him in 2007 while she was still a “naive and inexperienced” environmental campaigner.

“If I had not got to know him, I doubt whether I would still be a full-time campaigner and activist today. Wally was without doubt one of the most principled, knowledgeable and effective campaigners I have ever met.

“At a time when NGO campaigning is becoming increasingly professionalised, and success is too often measured in terms of funding attracted and ‘getting to sit at a table’ with those in powerful positions, Wally’s work always reminded me that the true value of campaigning is about staying true to principles and never losing sight of the deep social and economic changes that are needed.”

Philip Owen, founder of the Mpumalanga-based GeaSphere network, was also driven into action by Menne’s vision.

“I heard Wally Menne talking on a radio talk show in 1999 about the impacts of monoculture timber plantations, and the immense value of indigenous grasslands. His teachings resonated with me, and after the programme I contacted the radio station and sourced his telephone number.

“On that day I phoned Wally it was the start of a long relationship and he became a mentor, a colleague and a trusted friend. He put my life on a very different trajectory, where I also became an outspoken critic of the destructive industrial timber plantation model in South Africa.”

Menne had sacrificed his material comfort and health by working long hours, with most of his work done for no financial gain.

Menne is survived by his partner Rosemary Williams and three sons, Verdan, Robus and Adam. A memorial service will be held shortly in Durban at a date to be announced. DM

Photo: Wally Menne, 66, died in hospital on Thursday 26 October. Photo: Supplied