Tax-free savings accounts (TFSAs) were introduced in 2015 to encourage South Africans to save more. Some eight years later, we now have a sufficiently long track record to analyse whether investors and advisors are maximising the material benefits that they offer; the growth and income received on a TFSA are tax-free, which means that you are not liable for any capital gains tax (CGT) or income tax on the dividends and interest received on your investment.

Maximise your annual TFSA contribution, early in the tax year

Consider that someone who has maximised their annual contribution limit from the outset would have invested R257 000 by the end of February 2023. Interestingly, the largest TFSA account value on the Ninety One Investment Platform (Ninety One IP) was approximately R624k, i.e. tax-free growth of R367k – almost two and a half times the total amount invested! And in aggregate, TFSA investors at Ninety One IP now have a total of approximately R3.1 billion invested; being a combination of the smallish annual contributions and tax-free market growth.

Maximising any tax benefit is an important consideration, as is appreciating that the earlier you start earning investment returns, the earlier those investment returns start compounding.

Analysis undertaken by Ninety One showed that simply investing in the Ninety One Opportunity Fund via a TFSA at the beginning of each tax year, as opposed to the end of the tax year would result in as much as an additional 10% pay-out after 15 years. And, for those who cannot commit to an investment of R36 000 at the beginning of each tax year, it is more financially rewarding to initiate a monthly debit order of R3 000, as this results in an additional 5% compared to investing R36 000 at the end of each tax year.

Unfortunately, an analysis of Ninety One IP TFSA cash flow shows that not only are many investors waiting until the end of the tax year to top up their TFSA but that many debit order investors have not increased their monthly debit order amount from the previous maximum contribution limits of initially R2 500 per month and then R2 750 per month to the current limit of R3 000 per month.

Disappointingly, only half of active TFSA investors on the Ninety One IP platform made an investment into their TFSA in the last tax year, and only approximately 31% invested close to the maximum annual allowance.

These are all opportunities missed.

Invest for growth, over the long term

A key insight when setting up a TFSA is that the underlying investment portfolio should be consistent with the long-term nature of the investment; based on the current annual limit it will take 14 years to reach the lifetime contribution limit of R500 000. This is a key consideration as the tax benefits of TFSAs compound exponentially over time. Therefore, it makes no sense for an investor to use a TFSA for an investment horizon of less than five years.

While most Ninety One IP TFSA investors appear to agree – 93% are invested in offshore, equity or multi-asset (balanced or flexible) funds – unfortunately 7% are not maximising the return potential of growth assets/investments.

Don’t treat your TFSA as an emergency fund

TFSA benefits only accrue to those investors that remain invested for the full investment period. Remember that a TFSA allowance is a ‘use it or lose it’ allowance – if you withdraw some or all of your TFSA investment, you cannot reinvest the amount withdrawn.

Unfortunately, over the past three years, almost 17% of Ninety One IP TFSA investors made some level of withdrawal from their TFSA:

• 12% withdrew up to R50 000, and
• A further 5% withdrew more than R 50 000, i.e. more than a third of all those who made a withdrawal in the last three years, withdrew more than R50 000

If we look at withdrawals as a percentage of opening TFSA assets:

• From March 2020 to February 2021, we had withdrawals of 1% of opening assets.
• From March 2021 to February 2022, we had withdrawals of 6% of opening assets – this six-fold spike in withdrawals is perhaps explained by the impact of the Covid crisis on peoples’ finances.
• From March 2022 to February 2023, we had withdrawals of 4.3% of opening assets – still a high percentage, and again perhaps indicative of the tough economic environment.

Finally, around 7% of the TFSA accounts on Ninety One IP had a withdrawal rate of more than 25% of account balances, with some investors completely emptying their TFSA accounts. Disappointingly, some investors appear to be using their TFSA as a transactional account, with most of what they contributed being withdrawn in the same year.

In eight short years, early adopters are already reaping the material benefits offered by TFSAs. However, it is critical that investors stay the course and whenever possible invest the maximum allowable amount at the beginning of each tax year into a growth-oriented fund. If this is not possible, it is preferable to initiate a monthly debit order rather than wait until the end of the tax year to contribute. The earlier you start earning investment returns, the earlier those investment returns start compounding, tax-free! DM/BM