The blaze started in one of the rooms, Fernando Beltran, the national government's top official in the region, told reporters.
All the victims were elderly people living in the "Jardines de Villafranca" residence, he added.
The fire started at around 5 a.m. (0400 GMT) and it took around two hours for firefighters to put it out, a spokesperson for the regional government said.
Two people were in a critical condition and several were being treated, mainly for smoke inhalation, mayor Volga Ramirez, said. Ramirez said her husband helped evacuate the elderly.
Firefighters - who came from around Zaragoza, a city 35 km (22 miles) away -were at the scene with ambulances and police, the regional government spokespersonsaid. The cause of the fire was still being investigated.
(Reporting by Inti Landauro; Editing by Andrew Heavens)

Members of the emergency services and relatives gather outside of a retirement home which caught on fire, in Villafranca de Ebro, Zaragoza province, Spain, 15 November 2024. Ten people died and two others remain seriously wounded after a fire was declared in a retirement home during the night, according to the delegate of the Spanish Government in Aragon. EPA-EFE/JAVIER CEBOLLADA
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