--- title: "Think twice before buying a property on the beach – Sea level is rising" description: "The ever-restless sea follows the movements of the moon and sun. It’s shaped by the wind into great swells and troughs. And it stacks up on east coasts by inertia from the spin of the Earth. Sea level might seem like a moving target, but it is precisely measured in millimetres." type: "NewsArticle" publisher: "Daily Maverick" site: "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za" section: "SEA SPREAD" author: "Don Pinnock" author_url: "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/donpinnock/" canonical_url: "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-08-22-think-twice-before-buying-a-property-on-the-beach-sea-level-is-rising/" published: "2024-08-22T20:31:36" updated: "2024-08-23T10:00:06" lang: "en-ZA" word_count: 512 --- # Think twice before buying a property on the beach – Sea level is rising > The ever-restless sea follows the movements of the moon and sun. It’s shaped by the wind into great swells and troughs. And it stacks up on east coasts by inertia from the spin of the Earth. Sea level might seem like a moving target, but it is precisely measured in millimetres. By Don Pinnock · Published 22 August 2024, 22:31 SAST · Updated 23 August 2024, 12:00 SAST ## Key points - Sea levels are on the rise, with measurements dating back over a century showing a steady increase of about 20 centimeters since 1880, a trend that is now accelerating due to global warming, making coastal investments a potential headache for future generations. - Global sea level has risen by around 20 centimetres between 1880 and 2014, with an increase of about 3mm per year in the 20th century, accelerating to 4.6mm in 1993, potentially reaching 30cm above current levels by 2050. - Rising sea levels are driven by increased global temperatures, causing ocean water to expand and land-based ice to melt, posing a threat to coastal cities and low-lying islands in the future. - Various instruments such as floats, pressure gauges, sound, radar, and satellites are used to measure sea level changes, filtering out external factors like wind and tides. - With over 100 years of data and advanced technology, it is clear that sea levels are rising and accelerating, raising concerns for coastal property investments and future generations. ## Content Right now, we know that sea level is rising. Different sets of instruments, plus record-keeping going back over 100 years, indicate that between 1880 and 2014, the average global sea level rose by around 20 centimetres. And it’s speeding up. **Read more in Daily Maverick**: [Rising seas, sinking shores - how the V&A Waterfront is bracing for impact](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-08-22-rising-seas-sinking-shores-how-the-va-waterfront-is-bracing-for-impact/) During the 20th century there was an increase in average global sea level of around three millimetres a year. In 1993 it was 4.6 millimetres. NASA estimates that, at this rate, the sea level could be about 30cm above today’s level by 2050. It may not seem much, but in a storm surge, that amount of extra water across an entire coastline is huge. The driver of the rising sea level is increased global temperature. As heat from the atmosphere is transferred into the oceans, the water warms and expands, increasing the oceans’ volume and causing it to rise. Raised temperatures also mean increased melting of land-based ice such as glaciers and ice sheets. As they melt, more water enters the ocean – and sea level rises. The measurements of these changes are vital indicators of how the planet is faring as it heats up. An ever-rising sea could spell disaster for coastal cities and low-lying islands in the future. Being that the sea is an ever-moving thing that’s seldom the same level as it was seconds before, how can measurements be so precise? There are no fewer than five ways: floats, pressure gauges, sound, radar and satellites. ![A radar tide gauge. (Photo: UNESCO)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/C7qfaVz8YECHfh7U4abYGeHxpvw=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Don-SeaSpread1-03.png) *A radar tide gauge. (Photo: UNESCO)* A float in a still pipe or well rises and falls with the tide and records these changes on a paper chart. It was the original means of measurement and is how most historical records were made. ![A pressure sensor gauge. (Photo: UNESCO)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/T-cQexXD6AkICWlLNmKl18-EeJc=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Don-SeaSpread1-02.png) *A pressure sensor gauge. (Photo: UNESCO)* Pressure-based gauges measure the pressure on a water column which is proportional to the water depth, averaging the rises and falls over time. Acoustic gauges use bounced sound waves to the water surface from below, and land or satellite radar uses microwave reflections to measure the average level from above. The aim is to filter out wind, wave and tide movements from the sea’s eternal restlessness. Where to place land-based gauges requires a lot of thought. They need to be tough enough to withstand storms and be on stable ground, away from river estuaries that can raise water levels and headlands or shipping that cause turbulence, and need a constant supply of electricity. ![An acoustic tide gauge. (Photo: UNESCO)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/7n3qP4VtdLCvMlVugM2pvJOD1TU=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Don-SeaSpread1-04.png) *An acoustic tide gauge. (Photo: UNESCO)* ![A GPS buoy used in sea level calculations. (Photo: UNESCO)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/qU-nk59mZysADZb_ld_A_5UmRyI=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Don-SeaSpread1-01.png) *A GPS buoy used in sea level calculations. (Photo: UNESCO)* ![Measuring sea level from groups of satellites. (Photo: UNESCO)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/J7-ZHs_hSaUdbHdyeusnYo9vdN0=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Don-SeaSpread1-05.png) *Measuring sea level from groups of satellites. (Photo: UNESCO)* Using more than 100 years of measurements, hundreds of measuring stations, global collaboration and the ability of artificial intelligence to crunch data sets, the conclusion is definitive: the sea level is rising and it’s accelerating. If you’re planning to invest in a coastal property within the sound of the waves as a retirement option, you might be giving a headache to any family member who inherits it. **DM** [YouTube video: "YouTube video"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REeWvTRUpMk)