---
title: "The greatest land mammal migration on Earth is taking place – and it’s not the Serengeti"
description: "In an area you’ve probably never heard of, the largest movement of land mammals on the planet is under way."
type: "NewsArticle"
publisher: "Daily Maverick"
site: "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za"
section: "ON THE MOVE"
author: "Don Pinnock"
author_url: "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/donpinnock/"
canonical_url: "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-06-25-the-greatest-land-mammal-migration-on-earth-is-taking-place-and-its-not-the-serengeti/"
published: "2024-06-25T21:17:16"
updated: "2024-06-26T18:15:43"
lang: "en-ZA"
word_count: 868
---

# The greatest land mammal migration on Earth is taking place – and it’s not the Serengeti

> In an area you’ve probably never heard of, the largest movement of land mammals on the planet is under way.

By Don Pinnock · Published 25 June 2024, 23:17 SAST · Updated 26 June 2024, 20:15 SAST

## Key points
- Millions of antelope traverse the Boma Badingilo Jonglei Landscape in South Sudan in a remarkable migration largely unknown to the world, while facing threats from war and poaching, prompting calls for sustainable management to ensure their survival.
- Six million antelope migrate annually across South Sudan's Boma Badingilo Jonglei Landscape, a remarkable wildlife phenomenon confirmed by recent survey by African Parks and Sudanese Wildlife Ministry.
- Survey covered 122,774km2, integrating data from 251 tracking collars to understand ecological dynamics of region, highlighting the importance of successful management for survival of migratory antelope species.
- Ongoing threats of war and commercial poaching endanger the migration, impacting the survival of multiple ethnic groups reliant on wildlife within the landscape.
- African Parks, a non-profit conservation organisation, conducted the survey and manages protected areas across 12 countries, emphasizing the need for building trust with local communities for successful landscape management.

## Content

Each year millions of white-eared kob, Mongalla gazelle, tiang and Bohor reedbuck migrate across the Boma Badingilo Jonglei Landscape in South Sudan. A survey just completed by African Parks and the Sudanese Wildlife Ministry counted about six million antelope.

![Migrating taing on the greatest mammal migration on Earth. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/FZGDTI57defZ8OLwNeBah23A3aw=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Tiang-in-Boma-and-Badingilo-National-Parks-South-Sudan-%C2%A9-Marcus-Westberg-22.jpg)

*Migrating taing on the greatest mammal migration on Earth. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)*

![Survey flights photographed giraffes present in southern Badingilo, north of Boma and in restricted areas near the Sobat River. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/okBtLuG5dMe-_hMyBoh2danAQKw=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Giraffe-in-Boma-and-Badingilo-National-Parks-South-Sudan-%C2%A9-Marcus-Westberg-2.jpg)

*Survey flights photographed giraffes present in southern Badingilo, north of Boma and in restricted areas near the Sobat River. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)*

![Survey flights photographed giraffes in southern Badingilo, north of Boma and in restricted areas near the Sobat River. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/p245_xwXwj0JypfBRp0dUS6E79U=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Giraffe-in-Boma-and-Badingilo-National-Parks-South-Sudan-%C2%A9-Marcus-Westberg-6-1.jpg)

*Survey flights photographed giraffes in southern Badingilo, north of Boma and in restricted areas near the Sobat River. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)*

![Huge numbers of antelope are good news for leopards. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/bgxr745K7j_4fcpDnqzF-IxTe2U=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Leopard-in-Boma-and-Badingilo-National-Parks-South-Sudan-%C2%A9-Marcus-Westberg-16-1.jpg)

*Huge numbers of antelope are good news for leopards. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)*

![In Sudan the Nile spreads into a vast, swampy network known as The Sudd. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/RdUoregGO4-n0W8sYxCJA9fPAAI=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Nile-River-in-Boma-and-Badingilo-National-Parks-South-Sudan-%C2%A9-Marcus-Westberg-15.jpg)

*In Sudan, the Nile spreads into a vast, swampy network known as The Sudd. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)*

The findings confirm a remarkable and unmatched wildlife phenomenon across a landscape of immense ecological importance which is largely unknown to the rest of the world.

The survey covered 122,774km2, encompassing the entire known range of the four main migratory antelope species in the Great Nile Migration. Data from 251 tracking collars on large mammals was also integrated, providing a wide understanding of the region’s ecological dynamics which includes parts of South Sudan and Ethiopia.

Announcing the survey results, South Sudan President Salva Kiir Mayardit said it confirmed that the country remained rich in biodiversity with some of Africa’s most beautiful animals.

“The results of this survey are nothing short of staggering,” said Peter Fearnhead, CEO of African Parks.

“The astonishing scale of the migration is only equalled by the responsibility to ensure that it survives into the future in an extremely complex landscape.”

![The survey discovered that elephants are found in the area between Kassangor and Kimatong and along the western edge of the Boma Badingilo Jonglei Landscape in the Sudd Swamp, in the swamps along the Sobat River and along the border with Ethiopia adjacent to Gambella National Park. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/-upu3TmLp_SY3GBT4wy93ya-ocI=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Elephant-in-Boma-and-Badingilo-National-Parks-South-Sudan-%C2%A9-Marcus-Westberg-5.jpg)

*The survey discovered that elephants are found in the area between Kassangor and Kimatong and along the western edge of the Boma Badingilo Jonglei Landscape in the Sudd Swamp, in the swamps along the Sobat River and along the border with Ethiopia adjacent to Gambella National Park. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)*

War and commercial poaching have been an ongoing threat to the migration.

“This wildlife and larger ecosystem is the basis for survival for multiple ethnic groupings which are often in conflict with each other over resources,” said Fearnhead.

“Successful management of this landscape will only be possible through building trust with and amongst these ethnic groupings.”

**Read more in Daily Maverick:**[Miniature backpack traces remarkable journey of the ‘goddess of the skies’ – the European Roller](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-06-10-miniature-backpack-traces-remarkable-journey-of-the-goddess-of-the-skies-the-european-roller/)

![Many ethnic groups live in the area, including the Dinka, Murle, Anyuak, Jie, Toposa, Nyangatom, Nuer, Mudari, Bari, Lokyoya, Madi, Lolubo, Ari, Lopit, Latuka, Boya and Didinga. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/yAtaowEu1D9Vxln48PN2XFYxhf4=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Community-Kassangor-in-Boma-and-Badingilo-National-Parks-South-Sudan-%C2%A9-Marcus-Westberg-54.jpg)

*Many ethnic groups live in the area, including the Dinka, Murle, Anyuak, Jie, Toposa, Nyangatom, Nuer, Mudari, Bari, Lokyoya, Madi, Lolubo, Ari, Lopit, Latuka, Boya and Didinga. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)*

![Local communities have cultural traditions and activities that are firmly embedded and heavily reliant on wildlife. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/CDPd7q2K9_l_Ny2bA74ZTreMZSs=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Community-Kassangor-in-Boma-and-Badingilo-National-Parks-South-Sudan-%C2%A9-Marcus-Westberg-42.jpg)

*Local communities have cultural traditions and activities that are firmly embedded and heavily reliant on wildlife. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)*

![The parks contain many communities.
(Photo: © Marcus Westberg)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/jyyxhnwTHhGPauGMzv5XzwAp19g=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Community-Kassangor-in-Boma-and-Badingilo-National-Parks-South-Sudan-%C2%A9-Marcus-Westberg-37.jpg)

*The parks contain many communities. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)*

Many ethnic groups live within the Boma Badingilo Jonglei Landscape, including the Dinka, Murle, Anyuak, Jie, Toposa, Nyangatom, Nuer, Mudari, Bari, Lokyoya, Madi, Lolubo, Ari, Lopit, Latuka, Boya and Didinga. Each of these communities has deep cultural traditions and activities that are firmly embedded and heavily reliant on wildlife.

![White eared kob negotiate an obstacle in the Great Nile Migration. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/Uy8xN8xh36NSu6ImPwE01065Ei0=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/White-eared-kob-Antelope-in-the-Great-Nile-Migration-Landcsape-%40-David-Simpson.jpg)

*White eared kob negotiate an obstacle in the Great Nile Migration. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)*

The combined survey of white-eared kob, tiang, Mongalla gazelle and Bohor reedbuck counted just under 5,900,000 individuals. No black rhinos were seen – they are thought to have gone extinct in the 1980s. Zebras have also not been seen in the area since 2008, and buffalo were absent except on the periphery of the Sudd Swamp and along the Ethiopian border near Gambella.

The survey flights encountered massive populations of open-billed, marabou, yellow-billed, Abdim’s and woolly-necked storks, black-crowned cranes, herons and several species of vultures.

![Transects flown in the survey. (Image: African Parks)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/_HC4daTDq8z8EI1yU-FJ2qUiAoQ=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Transects-flown-in-the-survey.jpg)

*Transects flown in the survey. (Image: African Parks)*

The survey used two aircraft equipped with cameras that captured over 330,000 images. A team of seven graduates from the University of Juba, trained in specialised software, analysed 59,718 photos across 64 transects to document wildlife presence.

Situated in the east of South Sudan, the Boma Badingilo Jonglei Landscape forms part of a larger 200,000km2 ecosystem that stretches east of the Nile, covering Central Equatoria State, Eastern Equatoria State, Jonglei State and the Greater Pibor Administrative Area. This immense landscape is critically important to the Sudd Swamps – the largest wetlands in Africa and the second largest in the world.

![The survey covered a 122,774 square kilometre area encompassing the entire known range of the four main migratory antelope species in the Great Nile Migration. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/tOPZSPdwEMgiQqGQPGLpXrArIII=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Boma-and-Badingilo-National-Parks-South-Sudan-%C2%A9-Marcus-Westberg-23.jpg)

*The survey covered a 122,774 square kilometre area encompassing the entire known range of the four main migratory antelope species in the Great Nile Migration. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)*

![The park is home to many species of vulture. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/fB8rqYeJKgQFYjPCJYtvcvrPWBI=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Boma-and-Badingilo-National-Parks-South-Sudan-%C2%A9-Marcus-Westberg-12-1.jpg)

*The park is home to many species of vulture. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)*

![Lechwe on the move.  (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)](https://cdn.dailymaverick.co.za/i/nTZ1ixXJ1Mt-eUC366BfMXL13cQ=/200x100/smart/filters:strip_exif\(\)/file/dailymaverick/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Lechwe-in-Boma-and-Badingilo-National-Parks-South-Sudan-%C2%A9-Marcus-Westberg-20-1.jpg)

*Lechwe on the move. (Photo: © Marcus Westberg)*

African Parks, which conducted the survey, is a non-profit conservation organisation that takes on the responsibility for the rehabilitation and long-term management of protected areas in partnership with governments and local communities.

It currently manages 22 national parks and protected areas in 12 countries covering over 20 million hectares in Angola, Benin, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, the Republic of Congo, Rwanda, South Sudan, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

It recently [bought the farm owned by rhino breeder John Hume](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-09-04-humes-herd-of-2000-african-rhinos-get-a-last-minute-lifeline-in-major-purchase-and-rewilding-project/) and is presently rewilding his 2,000 rhinos on to protected areas across the continent. **DM**

[YouTube video: "YouTube video"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REeWvTRUpMk)