Aside from the sense of shame brought on by the bank’s collapse, legal observers say these three surprises raise some fundamental questions about the primacy of Swiss banking law and also sows doubt with foreign investors about putting money in the country.

It’s not good for Switzerland “if investors believe that their rights can be overridden,” says Kern Alexander, a professor of law and finance at the University of Zurich. “The way the crisis management is being carried out is panicked, and it’s undermined the rule of law and undermined Switzerland.”

In announcing the government-brokered sale of Credit Suisse to its Zurich rival on Sunday evening, the Swiss government cited an article of its constitution that allows it to issue temporary ordinances “to counter existing or imminent threats of serious disruption to public order or internal or external security.” In this case, this included overriding merger laws on shareholder votes.

Then, when Finma chairwoman Marlene Amstad was asked during a press conference later that evening if the government was ignoring competition concerns in pushing the merger through, Amstad said financial stability trumped competition concerns. Together Credit Suisse and UBS would hold 333 billion Swiss francs ($360 billion) in customer deposits, 115 billion francs more than their nearest rival Raiffeisen, according to a UBS investor presentation.

Read More: Credit Suisse Bailout Crosses a Debt Rubicon: Marcus Ashworth

But the biggest pushback from investors over the deal so far concerns the decision by Swiss banking regulator Finma to write down to nothing the AT1 bonds issued by Credit Suisse.

AT1 bonds were introduced after the global financial crisis to ensure losses would be borne by investors not taxpayers. They are meant to act as a capital buffer in times of stress. Crucially, debt of this type at most other banks in Europe and the UK have far more protections and only AT1 bonds issued by Credit Suisse and former Swiss rival UBS have language in their terms that allows for total wipeout rather than a conversion to equity.

Even if the risks of those AT1 bonds were made clear to investors at the time they signed on to them, this stark example of Swiss exceptionalism marks a departure from the general rule that bondholders come before shareholders.

“A lot of lawsuits will be coming from this, which will highlight the erratic and selfish behavior of Swiss authorities in this saga,” said Jacob Kirkegaard, senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Ethos Foundation, whose 246 pension fund members represent 1.9 million people with 370 billion swiss francs in assets, has threatened as much over the issue of blocking shareholder votes.

“Faced with this unprecedented failure in the history of the Swiss financial center, Ethos will continue to defend the interests of minority shareholders, starting with the Swiss pension funds,” the Geneva and Zurich-based foundation said in a statement on Monday.

“All options will be examined in the coming days, including legal ones, to determine the responsibilities of this debacle,” it said.