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Shell’s Wild Coast seismic survey plan encounters fierce resistance from South Africans

Shell’s Wild Coast seismic survey plan encounters fierce resistance from South Africans
Environmentalists protest against Shell’s proposed exploration for oil and gas under the ocean floor along the Wild Coast, 21 November 2021. (Photo: Keanu Haumahu)

Oil and gas exploration off the Eastern Cape coast by the Anglo-Dutch multinational is scheduled to start in December. But fishers, residents, environmentalists and activists around the country want none of it.

Residents and grassroots environmentalists will ramp up pressure against the government and fossil fuel giant Shell next week to call off the hunt for oil and gas in the Eastern Cape’s remote marine environment, off what is known as the Wild Coast. 

This follows news that Shell plans to embark on its major seismic survey off the coast between Morgan Bay in the south and Port St Johns in the north from 1 December. It involves blasting soundwaves into the sea with air guns every 10 seconds for the next four to five months, raising concerns about the impact of underwater noise on fish, whales and other marine life.

Though the survey will not involve drilling at this stage, the plan raises broader concerns around sea pollution, climate change, national energy policy and the future development of the region if Shell were to discover commercial quantities of oil or gas off this coast.

But for now, the immediate concern is the impact of blasting waves of sound of up to 220 decibels into a marine environment abundant with fish and seafood resources, to map oil and gas pockets beneath the ocean floor.

More than 250,000 people had signed an online petition at the time of publication, demanding that the government pull the plug on Shell’s exploration plan.

Protests up and down the coast

At a local level, subsistence fishing communities are also raising their voices. They are planning protests and there are indications that some groups may seek a court interdict. A march along Wild Coast beaches on Sunday 5 December starts at the Mzamba River Estuary, according to Amadiba Crisis Committee co-founder Nonhle Mbuthuma. 

The committee, which has also been resisting plans for a new toll road and dune mining operations along this coastline, were surprised that Shell would start a new oil and gas exploration project barely a month after the COP26 climate conference in Glasgow, Scotland.

“As a part of Operation Phakisa, Shell’s project has been allowed by our government, as if the threat of global heating from burning more and more fossil fuels doesn’t exist,” said Mbuthuma. Operation Phakisa is the government’s fast-track economic programme, which includes unlocking potential in South Africa’s oceans.

The Amadiba committee says blasting sonar canons poses a direct threat to marine life. “It is also a threat against the livelihood of communities along the Wild Coast and in KwaZulu-Natal, who use the riches of the sea to put food on the table and to get an income. This is our ‘ocean’s economy’. It is about food, not about mining the ocean to make profit for the minority rich who think you can eat money.”

The coastline around Morgan Bay in the Eastern Cape, 10 March 2009. (Photo: Gallo Images)

Aside from the future risk of oil pollution if Shell finds viable volumes of hydrocarbons, the committee says that drilling the seabed could release other toxic substances into the marine environment.

“For over two decades, the coastal Amadiba community has fought against opencast mining on our land. Now we must also fight against mining of the ocean. Indigenous people along the whole coast of Africa must have the right to say no to projects that threaten their livelihoods, the right to free prior and informed consent.

“We call upon the South African government to acknowledge the climate crisis. More and more expansion of the fossil fuel economy is not the solution to the economic crisis. You cannot bring about economic recovery by threatening our livelihoods and the ecology of the ocean … Put the lives of people before profits. Withdraw the licence given to Shell for preparing mining in the ocean,” said Mbuthuma.

Members of the South Durban Community Environmental Alliance, including those from the KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum, are planning a “massive protest” in the Durban area on 9 or 10 December, according to alliance coordinator Desmond D’Sa.

“No one was told or consulted about this, and we cannot allow Shell to risk destroying our marine resources,” he said.

Strategic moves

The government originally granted an exploration permit to Impact Africa, a subsidiary of Impact Oil & Gas, in 2014. It later transferred some of its financial interests to ExxonMobil and a subsidiary of Norwegian group Statoil, now called Equinor. Shell entered the picture in November 2020, when it acquired a 50% interest in the exploration venture, with the remaining 50% held by Impact Africa.

Shell’s environmental consultants placed an advert in East London newspaper the Daily Dispatch in early November, advising that a seismic survey along the Wild Coast would begin around 1 December.

The standard Dear Sir/Madam letter that Shell’s consultants sent to a limited number of registered stakeholders says the survey covers an area of more than 6,000km² at depths of 700m to 3,000m. The exploration area is about 20km from the coastline at its closest point, according to the consultants.

That’s about the distance by car from Shell South Africa’s swanky headquarters in Sloane Street, Byranston, to the former head office of the ANC at Shell House in Plein Street, Braamfontein, in Johannesburg — cold comfort given that oil spills can spread rapidly over hundreds of kilometres.

Recalling the 1995 execution of Nigerian activist Ken Saro-Wiwa and the well-documented impact of oil pollution in the Niger Delta, D’Sa said Shell cannot be trusted to operate responsibly in Africa.

A map shows the area where Shell plans to search for oil and gas reserves. (Image: SLR Consulting)

He drew attention to Shell’s recent announcement that it plans to relocate its headquarters and tax residence to London and drop the words Royal Dutch from its name, amid a corporate overhaul that has angered the Netherlands.

“This move to London makes it easier for them to not adhere to the demands for major carbon emission reductions,” said D’Sa, noting that a Dutch court recently ordered Royal Dutch Shell to reduce its carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 relative to 2019 levels. The landmark case, brought by environmental groups and more than 17,000 Dutch citizens, applies only in the Netherlands.

The Dutch pension fund for civil servants and teachers, APB, has announced that it will no longer invest in producers of oil, gas and coal. APB will also dispense with its current investments in those sectors, including in Shell, by the first quarter of 2023.

“We will stand up against Shell and continue to expose its hypocrisy,” said D’Sa. “They claim to be committed to a just transition towards renewable energy, yet continue to destroy the health of our oceans. We don’t want any oil washing up on our beaches, especially along the Wild Coast.” 

Dated consultation

Shell media officials in the United Kingdom did not respond to queries about the growing opposition to its survey plans. However, following a request to environmental consultancy SLR, Shell South Africa provided a copy of its final environmental management programme for the exploration survey. The 548-page document, dated June 2013, does not appear to be available currently for public scrutiny. 

Shell also provided a standard “media responses” sheet in which the oil company says “a full stakeholder consultation process was undertaken … for this project in 2013”. This process included publishing a background information document in four newspapers and a series of “face-to-face engagements, which included three group meetings (in an ‘open house’ format) in Port Elizabeth, East London and Port St Johns.”

In response to concerns about how underwater blasting would affect the marine environment, Shell maintained that “the impacts are well understood and mitigated against when performing seismic surveys. This is supported by decades of scientific research and the establishment of international best practice guidelines. 

“There is no indication that seismic surveys are linked to (whale and dolphin) strandings.”

A small shoal of East Coast red-eye herring form a ball to protect themselves from predators during the annual sardine run in the deep waters off Port St Johns. (Photo: Cormac McCreesh/Gallo Images)

Shell further asserted that establishing a 500m exclusion zone around the sound-blasting ship “guarantees that no animals will come into the near vicinity of the sound source … If any animal enters the exclusion zone, operations are immediately shut down.”

It did not explain how observers could detect marine animals not easily visible from the surface during daylight or at night, but suggested that sound levels could be ramped up slowly to alert marine animals to “gradually move away from the sound source”.

Significantly, in a recent presentation to a South African conservation science symposium, international fish bioacoustics experts Anthony Hawkins and Arthur Popper pointed out that there are still “major gaps in our knowledge” about the impacts of underwater noise, particularly the more subtle biological impacts, the effects of underwater particle motion and whether current guidelines to regulate noise in different parts of the world’s oceans are still appropriate. DM

First published by New Frame.

Gallery
Absa OBP

Comments - Please in order to comment.

  • Michael Walker says:

    I for one will cease using Shell service stations until they cease this form of exploration up our coast.

    • Johan Buys says:

      Mike: Exactly.

      Shell is not only central to this issue. They are also the ones that want to frack up the Karoo. I have avoided Shell since the Karoo thing and will gladly sponsor 100 bumper stickers for a boycott campaign.

      • Marco Savio Savio says:

        We can all print our own ‘Boycot Shell’ posters and stick them inside our vehicle windows, spreading the message. It’s easy to systematically avoid Shell service stations completely, a small impact but noticeable if the media latch onto this.

  • Alan Paterson says:

    The cartoon from Carlos says it all from the whales and we must follow their example. Creecy should do the right thing and withdraw permit and support. She is part of a minority anyway, as the ANC (hopefully) goes into its death throes. So let her follow her conscience and be an independent voice for change.

    • Gavin Craythorne says:

      Right on Alan. It took the EAC three years of hard work to get Creecy to put a stop to cofferdam mining at Alexander Bay and the damage during that period is mind-blowing.

  • Change is Good says:

    Do the right thing Shell, withdraw this seismic survey.
    Shell’s country of origin has rejected their environmental indiscretions, so why have they brought them to South African coastlines.
    To all the guys in the SA Shell boardroom, you have families who need to live their lives on this fragile planet, where is your support for the green economy in SA.We cannot rely on our politicians to do the right thing, why can’t we rely on you for the change we need to see. Oil and gas are over, the world will be building back better post-Covid, so now is the time to renew your policies to avoid becoming the dinosaur of energy production.

  • Gavin Craythorne says:

    SLR – same guys who sponsored the rubber-stamping of unlawful cofferdam mining at Alexander Bay. The surf-zone between the river mouth and the harbour has been destroyed.

  • Craig King says:

    What about the jobs, taxes and economic development? If you’re OK then fine but many people could benefit from this.

    • Wendy Dewberry says:

      Craig think again. Short term benefits for long term damage which costs to the poor will exist far more extensively. It has long been known that these kinds of operations do not give jobs to the poor, and most often it is hired “specialists”from other countries who reap the benefits of eternally destroyed national assets.

  • Wendy Dewberry says:

    Please if you are going to add your voice and energy, it will be best used to lobby the SA government to withdraw the permissions it has given to Shell. In essence, targetting shell is exactly what they need, and it will be like water off a ducks back because if Shell has the legal licence to do exploration, all the shouting and placards in the world will not make any difference.
    Petrol station owners have nothing to do with Shell politics, and it is true that all stations get their fuel from the same pot anyway.

    Rather join lobbies that target the government. Make your effort count.

  • Ritchie Morris says:

    The EIA public participation and related studies are seven years old now. Are the findings still relevant and correct in terms of changing COP26 requirements, hydrocarbon needs, green economies, etc. Surely NOT. How will the seismic sound waves affect the next sardine run which comes up the WILD Coast?

  • Steve Spottiswoode says:

    The ANC’s Thebe Investment Corporation is major shareholder in Shell South Africa

  • Peter Dexter says:

    I believe Shell should be boycotted completely so they make an economic connection with environmental behavior

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