--- title: "While you were sleeping: 6 October 2016" description: "NSA contractor in massive data leak, hurricane Matthew approaches USA, and Paris climate pact is ratified most ricky tick." type: "NewsArticle" publisher: "Daily Maverick" site: "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za" section: "Newsdeck" author: "John Stupart" author_url: "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/johnstupart/" canonical_url: "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-06-while-you-were-sleeping-6-october-2016/" published: "2016-10-06T06:10:09" lang: "en-ZA" word_count: 1039 --- # While you were sleeping: 6 October 2016 > NSA contractor in massive data leak, hurricane Matthew approaches USA, and Paris climate pact is ratified most ricky tick. By John Stupart · Published 6 October 2016, 08:10 SAST ## Content | \| \\| *“There will be today, there will be tomorrow, there will be always, and there was yesterday, and there was the day before...”* **–** **Leo Tolstoy** \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \| | | --- | | \| \\| \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| \\\| ![Image](//gallery.mailchimp.com/6170d6a6d93cac57e83ba137f/images/e367cf2d-c7e2-4eb3-be24-8cb6c52ae486.jpg) \\\| \\\| --- \\\|\\\| ## [#HlaudiHasFallen: End of the road for the SABC emperor and his board](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-06-hlaudihasfallen-end-of-the-road-for-the-sabc-emperor-and-his-board/#.V_W_qPl95hE)If you had to puff up a word cloud of the SABC board’s Wednesday presentation to Parliament’s Portfolio Committee on Communications it would read something like this: “fraudster, disrespect, dysfunction, institutional genocide, Verwoerd, cowboy conferences, a dog show, remove Hlaudi Motsoeneng, dissolve the board”. And just like that, the Madness of King Hlaudi was called, finally exposed, and dealt with. Game over. It was a roast of note. Oh, and some ANC members found their spines. By MARIANNE THAMM. [Read more](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-06-hlaudihasfallen-end-of-the-road-for-the-sabc-emperor-and-his-board/#.V_W_qPl95hE) \\\| \\\| --- \\\| \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| # Story of the Day \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| # While you were sleeping \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| ## NSA contractor in major data theft scandalA contractor working for Booz Allen Hamilton, the same firm that hired Edward Snowden, has been fingered for a massive data breach at the National Security Agency. Harold Thomas Martin III held hard copies of classified material in his home and car. For Big Brother, it appears as though all has gone to the digital dogs. [Read More](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-06-us-spy-agency-contractor-arrested-in-top-secret-data-theft-probe) \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| ## Regions in Florida evacuated ahead of Hurricane MatthewHurricane Matthew is set to make landfall in the United States late tonight. With winds of up to 185km/h, the storm has resulted in several regions in and around Florida being evacuated. If you think your uncle's post-lunch farts are bad, this hurricane is set to beat that lofty ceiling. [Read More](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-06-evacuations-in-coastal-us-as-matthew-rolls-on-bahamas) \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| ## UN peacekeepers failed to intervene in SudanA rights group has slammed the inaction of United Nations peacekeepers in Juba to, well, *keep the bloody peace.*In almost all instances of violence during an outbreak in July, UN blue helmets failed to intervene, according to the Centre for Civilians in Conflict on Wednesday. It's almost as if the contributing countries are simply there to collect a cheque... [Read More](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-06-un-peacekeepers-failed-to-protect-civilians-in-s.sudan-rights-group) \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| ## Paris climate deal ratifiedIn what has to be one of the quickest turnarounds of any international agreement, the Paris climate pact was ratified yesterday. Including China and the United States, the sobering reality that time was running around appeared to finally provide some impetus for the deal's ratification. [Read More](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-06-climate-treaty-ratified-in-race-against-the-clock) \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| # In Numbers \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| **448C** \\| \\| --- \\|\\| The code for the world's ugliest colour. 'Pantone 448C' is used on many EU tobacco products' packaging. \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| # Facts of the Day \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| **Today was not counted**as a day by Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain in 1582. These countries implemented the Gregorian calendar, resulting in a missed date.**'Friday' singer Rebecca Black** had to drop out of school because of bullying. \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| # Weather \\| \\| --- \\|\\| # Financial Data \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| BFN: min: 11° max: 28°,cloudy CPT: min: 12° max: 17°, rainy DBN: min: 15° max: 28°, sunny EL: min: 16° max: 22°, rainy JHB: min: 5° max: 29°, sunny KIM: min: 14° max: 29°, sunny NLP: min: 7° max: 32°, sunny PMB: min: 6° max: 30°, cloudy PKN: min: 12° max: 28°, sunny PE: min: 15° max: 20°, cloudy PTA: min: 7° max: 26°, sunny \\| \\| --- \\|\\| Oil=$51.78 Gold=$1,267.72 Platinum=$977.50 R/$=13.70 R/€=15.36 R/£=17.47 €/$=1.12 JSE All Share=51,868.53 DJIA= 18,277.30 FTSE 100=7,033.25 [Source](http://dailymaverick.us10.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6170d6a6d93cac57e83ba137f&id=6c17d969dc&e=371f6bebf2) \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \|\| \\| # Now on Daily Maverick### **FEATURES**\\\| ![Image](//ci4.googleusercontent.com/proxy/n7zOwgUAjRxXsFN3U2y8fdEhEpFrW1wYoRChBKgVQ9gS7b7UN2PTyj7fKUNw_pJJt5QKC67-h_k_o29wPseDsASQZjBeKpMsLDcO1GyN_y8YfzcAd6RIjBb8AazF_Wai7wG9j22t4d50F585oA=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70Marianne-SABCHlaudi.jpg)holds the corporation’s first quarterly media briefing in Johannesburg on Wednesday, 28 January 2015. Picture: SAPA stringer" /> \\\| [#HlaudiHasFallen: End of the road for the SABC emperor and his board](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-06-hlaudihasfallen-end-of-the-road-for-the-sabc-emperor-and-his-board/) By Marianne Thamm \\\| \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| \\\| ![Image](//ci5.googleusercontent.com/proxy/k52AdQWUy7CG20f7EVLXgaZ8h0uqsWKiQUcumgvV5oDP-_jLzjC9sIlykkcUXcOJMqyMCP-FVbOYPKUEu0F-RrqNefmKGIpiO9YehKG5zh97mDGUb3paa7dycGPUj7cy3KzBXckdC19MsXjY3Kw=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70President-Jacob-Zuma.jpg)the SA Editors' Forum at the presidential guesthouse in Pretoria on Friday, 20 February 2015. Picture: Werner Beukes/SAPA" /> \\\| [Op-Ed: We have to seize the moment, and save South Africa. Before it’s too late.](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-05-op-ed-we-have-to-seize-the-moment-and-save-south-africa.-before-its-too-late./) By SIPHO PITYANA \\\| \\\| ![Image](//ci5.googleusercontent.com/proxy/Ed1e_JDK5RmVCTg8Y93Tm5YYTV2hdgsqJS1K1AFf1tHHFHPo51dkPYM5cSpbMO9D208TPGHkHMUXrvMTZXD11AhjQ22cY4LcHP5CqI5SEvEbJCgz8Qi5kQ5VKsF7UrIT9HfQ0ZiH-Uq17sezu_SgVxU954kwxeMqjD2U6SUNlw4oyA=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70Grootes-Julius-Malemas-curious-Interview.jpg)Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) looks on before addressing his supporters during his campaign, ahead of the August 3 local government elections, in Etwatwa, a township near Benoni, South Africa. July 27,2016. REUTERS/Siphiwe Sibeko." /> \\\| [Analysis: Malema’s curious switch on his political nemesis](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-05-analysis-malemas-curious-switch-on-his-political-nemesis/) By Stephen Grootes \\\| \\\| ![Image](//ci5.googleusercontent.com/proxy/h1pSej3qeFEtuU33xjkHQOGDlSfv5fPsQw7iu4JNcyKqJv_A9M8CR93r324d8MLw-sKIB7wzJoO5MblmakUve0620ah0HZt_BHf03LU5XXrCV_fewkD-L27fPNroa2NZT1l5eLP8T5iDEVXmRz-BXWB0f0j2BB7A=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70Nicolson-student-protest-trust.jpg)ongoing protests against the cost of higher education in Johannesburg, South Africa, 04 October 2016. EPA/KIM LUDBROOK" /> \\\| [#FeesMustFall: Bridging the trust divide](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-06-feesmustfall-bridging-the-trust-divide/) By Greg Nicolson \\\| \\\| ![Image](//ci3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/wwS26cq6X38nQOQF8RjhP2lkhDe3TzgsTe0IR8BMtSKWuSgWTtuZmuk54F8nbjZJxpuq_C1XHM78JcidzYqGs-emerKbOs65eiRTEy3470nVHgqn26NQXs5VYziIWK_VNlgz35zrrnl_np7xxWYMfhVbBtNb54qtDHy83pdNkDc=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70GroundUp-CT-varsities-close-MAIN-PHOTO.jpg)police and security guards during the night. Photo: Ashraf Hendricks" /> \\\| [GroundUp: Cape Town’s universities shut down](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-06-groundup-cape-towns-universities-shut-down/) By GroundUp \\\| \\\| ![Photo: Maseru from Parliament Hill, by OER Africa via Flickr.](//ci4.googleusercontent.com/proxy/FhDq7JwXOzcRFJ-kPu3MWKYbZ2uSoxq1uHtMWEyBU8s4Oga5MP6YXZ6aaLcDztBBVe30AMj7RywTpec-83HhYWw6zf2FgRVrbsdeAfIVdLiVeF1jAdPhRf4eXTCX7fPw2iEqCFrNSR5SkoclMi8CfwaHsFoFxObUMR8hIXip6BlpF1oe=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70amaBhungane-Investigations-left-unresolved.jpg) \\\| [amaBhungane: Lesotho’s litany of unsolved political murders](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-06-amabhungane-lesothos-litany-of-unsolved-political-murders/) By AMABHUNGANE \\\| \\\| ![Image](//ci6.googleusercontent.com/proxy/CpfZlL-wLr9RjN-Nc0RZ9E7AWpaZ-l4d0ML7sqIamrtqFlxvrIs4SOg8G8XTWM8xKMhZnPHnBjftGIM-ExS9vXfiGQukkXztDXhOvv-r5IhCfDdImSlXa8o03KejCkOLWTQNzaG4ierEDKvI9BPPRzAJ76PlhCiRG4yreVXxdg=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70Morrell_TEACHING-IN-A-TIME-OF-PROTEST.jpg)#FeesMustFall campaign at the University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa, 04 October 2016. EPA/NIC BOTHMA" /> \\\| [Op-Ed: Teaching in a Time of Protest](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-05-op-ed-teaching-in-a-time-of-protest/) By Robert Morrell \\\| \\\| ![Image](//ci5.googleusercontent.com/proxy/90QN5zsYJmn3dxVnIx8oSA-gdGeS55jmfWIRzyxJ_zMmcVKlX1v9dXYKISxdZCKxMIWgkEsDcKwBYTocyBo9M-NDhDsoQAgnbE76UVFmBIeVdXlhMNcxokG8cecpv4hU83suZlze5EUnURLiA2caftkcFKWFa4Lawvd_k5Hs3bk=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70Binedell-Oosthuizen-rethinking-protest.jpg)meeting on negotiations at Lonmin’s Marikana mine in South Africa’s North West Province, August 29, 2012. REUTERS/Mike Hutchings" /> \\\| [Rethinking Protest in a Constitutional Dispensation](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-05-rethinking-protest-in-a-constitutional-dispensation/) By N BINEDELL & M OOSTHUIZEN \\\| \\\| ![Photo: Student protesters and a lecturer debate. Photo: Andrea Teagle](//ci5.googleusercontent.com/proxy/PanOHeJPP3E4FhINHGN1SpJIrsdMQzk4GVQD5Hx-wlrY23yhEW73BZrLguKQ2J4KX0u120Y2AwFyYiBrj4lTLl-jccsAAj6rPTlBDKh7ZKaeCxFc-aKByF8SPjggHmdY4eLn8SvKFtq6NtqE4sG143nOA9M=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70GroundUp-fees-where-to-now.jpg) \\\| [#FeesMustFall 2016: Where to from here?](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-05-feesmustfall-2016-where-to-from-here/) By GroundUp \\\| \\\| ![Photo of FARC soldiers by Salym Fayad.](//ci6.googleusercontent.com/proxy/Qre7GIEvwImCM1Jr7utUks4zjFegQm17-2Kn-g-9nrjYYuE8SBlKOBNBC7HoM0W1B4Us3sBcHTuC-t2fheRMbE2_oqRB_GaSyULMURcMNdCAhJ9gwcaJYtDh5J7PuR0RYoa6MbwpGLJSYSfutUjdoxQ=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70Santiago-Villa-Colombia.jpg) \\\| [The Country that Voted Against Peace: The reasons behind Colombia’s failed negotiation](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-05-the-country-that-voted-against-peace-the-reasons-behind-colombias-failed-negotiation/) By SANTIAGO VILLA CHIAPPE \\\| \\\| ![Main photo: Dag Hammarskjöld (Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation)](//ci3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/50-lz71Djyt5NcWutjsKt4hG4uKOUcWWyczwpg0w52KNygOW6uNAPZS4_rJptHCUkNTLaf_iPJtVE7SBoA7yTQzF3d3zbUR1jAvxHN-hWc-jVjHQZuNrLA_977PtlxpfkBdTHqSTqEfB6pUo1q1o-QnJi07ffVuDCuIF8_NS-A=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70ISS-Today_Dag-Hammerskjold-MAIN-PHOTO.jpg) \\\| [ISS: Dag Hammarskjöld’s legacy – what does it mean for Africa?](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-06-iss-dag-hammarskjlds-legacy-what-does-it-mean-for-africa/) By ISS TODAY \\\| \\\| ![Image](//ci3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/ADsXXT_f3c-CljYc8F3PTxzdlycUGxWWVnEQCcloyFiTGWwx_mRMg7H5Z4ro-gWJ4EkIdZ9gS2bcd6U6_RU-BOilmNWw0lq_BbtsS-OFBK15xgAdqtyBH-ASKxZoDKkSQix6wbRq1EBJ1XlS=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70Ant-SAvsOz-3rd-odi.jpg)Australia v South Africa - Third ODI cricket match - Kingsmead Cricket Stadium, Durban, South Africa - 5/10/2016. REUTERS/Rogan Ward" /> \\\| [David Miller’s finest night: SA seal series against Australia with emphatic chase](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-06-david-millers-finest-night-sa-seal-series-against-australia-with-emphatic-chase/) By Antoinette Muller \\\| \\\| ![Image](//ci5.googleusercontent.com/proxy/C5UI1NGlxjafCbG3D9JMjFIHbNRs2SDCMKIzb-bYgwOvDC6jUfa54OznzHk9LPf-PMZ2hDQUF50yv22AAaiIvKdRoS3QMzOF4B3w3GVCOceQEYSaCeAjxhMwuwMGHJpNxdf16ZqQMGxPEk58bhc2KNm4LO0=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70Ant-SA-rugby-hosts-Mbalula.jpg)conference in Cape Town, March 17, 2016. REUTERS/Mike Hutchings" /> \\\| [Rugby: Despite Mbalula’s ban, SA announced as 2023 World Cup host candidates](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-06-rugby-despite-mbalulas-ban-sa-announced-as-2023-world-cup-host-candidates/) By Antoinette Muller \\\| \\\| ![Image](//ci6.googleusercontent.com/proxy/Tfr52iAU1d3M0Py_Kjq85KaHFk-TDlgSkuaN1GCPOrbscrU2J-J8hupn_ysxrBchzX4temT2jKLyVBohFz-NjwSI9ppRQpsvyKrLEv8Q0XBHIG8h9VgFQ866X_vAJWIroDcZWq8=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70pence-kaine.jpg)Tim Kaine (2L) and his wife Anne Holton at the end of the only Vice Presidential Debate at Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia, USA, 04 October 2016. The second and third Presidential Debates will be held on 09 October in Missouri and 19 October in Nevada. EPA/JIM LO SCALZO" /> \\\| [US 2016: Mike Pence and Tim Kaine have their Moment in the Sun](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-05-us-2016-mike-pence-and-tim-kaine-have-their-moment-in-the-sun/) By J Brooks Spector \\\| \\\| ![Image](//ci4.googleusercontent.com/proxy/5qoImRe9bi24GT5Zrxc296Hv5fqbmDficLwwyA4rlHXwmlSlBx8LzIgTL-Fh_Ahg51sppmplnZzpzEZa8nNpnuj2g_SncDLlw18Qy57fD_5WeodHuDyUAJLAuTHNdKRzgwL1Ga5ucxW8RdENSxQD7GfG_BMs01-i=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70wits-to-close-until-10-October.jpg)protests against the cost of higher education in Johannesburg, South Africa, 04 October 2016. EPA/KIM LUDBROOK" /> \\\| [#FeesMustFall: Wits to close until Monday](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-05-feesmustfall-wits-to-close-until-monday/) By News24 \\\| \\\| ![Image](//ci3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/3YHfkZJUK4MBGXob6pV8Bgw3SdAGFT8B6ebPyEOGWIQRJlwEn5qeTuTFq_j26FshPif0_nq1a-8ZD7bon_dAsTtgBOCQBiE8LeOC7JgiXMjNrjtonvQNxmFuVbOzpEp0bbk_VJcYbaM=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70pence-kaine-01.jpg)the end of the only Vice Presidential Debate at Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia, USA, 04 October 2016. The second and third Presidential Debates will be held on 09 October in Missouri and 19 October in Nevada. EPA/JOE RAEDLE" /> \\\| [While you were sleeping: 5 October 2016](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-10-05-while-you-were-sleeping-5-october-2016/) By John Stupart \\\|### **OPINIONISTA**\\\| ![alison-tilley-01.jpg](//ci3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/9oSDlJcmp1FJWtMJ2-5nnFQtDLobkJi5hbAhl16LRSkaiU98cs78-JkmTB0ncEtl8nYdIP5-dFz6K6xKpJDC9YyRqFp2OS5Cj6VZevm2ucQXhC_9Df8wI-jh_4y4dngQe6Ycc_6KgOyJEA=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70alison-tilley-01.jpg) \\\| [The poll at Wits was meaningless](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2016-10-06-the-poll-at-wits-was-meaningless/) By Alison Tilley \\\| \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| \\\| ![Anthea-Jeffery.jpg](//ci5.googleusercontent.com/proxy/mpEwLQI8_lM8Io2bGfNGl39mNRL32_EkJ28mYEmyTcK0LKRmx2buLfUrZXS3Pdrejqu6a8kuBkgu8dwALVnKuHq-5csSuQfOY1mhSI8bUYGyq_z73SUDajhTeU14sLnMxDkxvx0U1L8=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70Anthea-Jeffery.jpg) \\\| [Botswana has the mining law that South Africa should copy](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2016-10-06-botswana-has-the-mining-law-that-south-africa-should-copy/) By Anthea Jeffery \\\| \\\| ![yonela-diko.jpg](//ci4.googleusercontent.com/proxy/RlRqhXJbamFynjadcqLWXMf7gNETnRE__JDWK4W_lKwWw-mpJh_ZUgkeVy2sJCApDdwR1ySnTZMtNPSytig66vM54fXQVEERL7G3efB55pHPAvLUvplf2wDFMCwwKroTC6k-vgU=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70yonela-diko.jpg) \\\| [Our universities must persevere and work unceasingly](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2016-10-06-our-universities-must-persevere-and-work-unceasingly/) By Yonela Diko \\\| \\\| ![KNeo-Mokgopa-2(1).jpg](//ci4.googleusercontent.com/proxy/F1OaGoD4ZcAQLOVCFhjOoe9-fABRemwPp09XIWEivCG97cuYt0QIkQognH_Tzih6bdFW29O9iLgHzoI4v0fkC-iAUC9q_Fa7yt2FqDEFpxaogmM8sPGxE_vKL0MQaYkVNqVW1QXPj9GYyyA=s0-d-e1-ft#http://images.www.dailymaverick.co.za/images/resized_images/80x70q70KNeo-Mokgopa-2\(1\).jpg) \\\| [Attending classes means gambling with the future of millions of poor South Africans](https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2016-10-06-attending-classes-means-gambling-with-the-future-of-millions-of-poor-south-africans/) By KNeo Mokgopa \\\| \\| \\| --- \\| \| \| --- \| |